There was, already in those early months of the first Trump administration, at least outside MAGA circles, no pretending that things were great or even fine; there was no boasting, no overconfidence, which reared its head only occasionally in the tenacious conviction that the hard work of some individuals could resolve problems emanating from engrained societal structures. Even MAGA leaders and organizers appeared taken by surprise by Mr. Trump’s electoral victory, scrambling to turn soundbites into policies and facing the daunting task of governing a nation divided. From the White House came religion-based immigration bans, ripped-up trade deals, doubt-inspiring affirmations of international security pacts, and cries to "build the wall” and end universal healthcare.
In the Congress, the classic pursuit of bipartisanship appeared ever more fanciful, and its ad hoc realizations predisposed to momentary evaporation in a parliament bereft of debate and haunted by the institution of the shouting match. The two parties underwent political and cultural realignment against the background of perceptions of unproductive government and an electorate increasingly consumed by fear, while suffering the influence of loyalty-demanding leadership, resurgent movements, and a playing field distorted by the operation of money and targeted information. A jumble of distress, anger, demagoguery, hazardous communication technologies, and a thinning social fabric - all harbingers not only of the deepening polarization to follow but also of violent scenes to come, like the attack on protesters in Charlottesville, Virgina, in August 2017 and the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol of January 6, 2021.