Patrick A. MESSERLIN is professor of economics at the Institut d' Etudes Politiques de Paris, known as Sciences Po, the largest and most prestigious French academic institution specializing in public policy. He is also the founding director of the Groupe d'Economie Mondiale de Sciences Po, an independent research unit seeking to improve the performance of French and European public policies in a global world. His recent books include Measuring the Costs of Protection in Europe: European Commercial Policy in the 2000s, published by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, D.C. He has written a hundred articles for professional journals, including the Economic Journal, the European Economic Review, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, World Economy, Economic Studies, European Economy and Revue Economique. A former visiting professor at the University of Houston, Texas and at Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, he was also a senior economist at the Research Department of the World Bank. He has served as a consultant to various international organizations, governments and businesses.