Elena Carletti is professor of economics at the European University Institute, where she holds a joint chair in the Economics Department and the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. She is also research fellow at CEPR, extramural fellow at TILEC, fellow at the CesIfo, the Center for Financial Studies and the Wharton Financial Institutions Center. Prior to joining the Institute, Elena Carletti has been an associate professor at the University of Frankfurt, a senior researcher at the Center for Financial Studies, and an assistant professor at the University of Mannheim. Her research interests are in the areas of financial intermediation, financial crises, financial regulation, corporate governance, financial development, industrial organization and competition policy. She holds a Ph.D. in economics from the London School of Economics, a doctorate in economics from the University of Bologna, and a habilitation in economics from the University of Mannheim.