Salzburg Global Fellows Neeraj Doddamane G R and Eva Keiffenheim reflect on “The Future of Teaching” session at Salzburg Global
This article was written by Salzburg Global Fellows Neeraj Doddamane G R and Eva Keiffenheim, who attended "The Future of Teaching" session from December 8 to 13, 2024.
At a time when schools and teachers remain one of society’s few steady anchors amid growing uncertainty - from political unrest, to climate change and artificial intelligence - the systems designed to support them are faltering. Recruitment and retention are in crisis. Resourcing is scarce. And yet, educators - the people closest to young people - are often sidelined.
But what if we stopped viewing teachers as implementers of reform and began seeing them as architects of the future of learning who set up all young people to thrive in life?
In December 2024, Salzburg Global convened educators, policymakers, and researchers from around the world to explore the future of teaching and learning. Across virtual sessions and an in-person session, Salzburg Global Fellows listened, spoke, and learned about the future of education. This convergence of research, policy, and practice created the conditions for rethinking how education systems evolve - and who gets to shape them.
What follows is a reflection through the lens of two Fellows on the three key shifts needed to redesign education systems to ensure policy is shaped by those closest to the learning experience.
These ideas are not new, nor are they the only takeaways from this Salzburg Global session. But they represent a way of thinking about what needs to shift in education - one that challenges conventional approaches to reform and points to new possibilities for the future of teaching.
1) From Fragmented Efforts to Collective Action: Scaling Change by Connecting and Amplifying Existing Strengths for Co-Creation
Scaling in education often focuses on growing a specific solution in reach or depth - expanding programs, increasing funding, and replicating successful models. But what if we considered scaling through the lens of connecting – strengthening the connective tissue between existing efforts.
In most countries, educators, policymakers, and community leaders are already driving meaningful change. The challenge is often not a lack of solutions, but the difficulty of linking and amplifying them. Across the conversations at Salzburg Global, we heard about systemic change that is fueled by building on existing strengths rather than starting from scratch.
In India, for example, thousands of grassroots initiatives are tackling education challenges through community-driven learning. But without mechanisms to connect and learn from one another, even the most effective efforts can remain isolated. The same pattern holds true across education systems worldwide—Mexico, Peru, and Nigeria included. In each context, participants spoke about the need for structures that make collaboration easier, and that enable promising practices to spread not through rigid replication, but through adaptation to local needs.
This shift - from isolated efforts to interconnected ecosystems - requires rethinking how we scale impact. Rather than looking at how a specific solution can be replicated across diverse contexts, the focus must be on strengthening the connective tissue within education systems. This means:
- Creating spaces for shared learning between schools, districts, and countries, so that effective ideas can travel more fluidly.
- Investing in infrastructure for collaboration, from digital platforms that facilitate knowledge-sharing to networks that connect educators working on similar challenges.
- Shifting funding priorities to support existing initiatives and the collaboration and co-creation between them.
Scaling impact, then, is about recognizing what is already working and creating the conditions for it to grow—not only through top-down mandates, but through creating synergy on what happens top-down to the people’s ground-up work, through relationships, trust, and collective effort.
2) From Hero Leaders To Distributed Leadership: Expanding the Definition of Leadership To Recognize and Support Those Driving Change at All Levels
Dominant narratives of leadership in education often mirror the lone-hero model found in business, politics, and pop culture. We celebrate the visionary school principal, the dynamic policymaker, or the charismatic reformer who takes bold action and drives change from the top. But this narrative is incomplete—and in many ways, it has failed us.
Education does not transform because of a single leader at the helm. It changes when leadership is shared when those closest to students - teachers, mothers, fathers, young people of the community - are recognized as central to shaping the future of learning. Yet too often, systemic change efforts overlook this reality, investing in select individuals while neglecting the conditions that allow leadership to emerge at every level.
At Salzburg Global, conversations surfaced about a pressing need to expand how we think about leadership in education. Fellows reflected on the ways traditional leadership programs often reinforce hierarchy, focusing on individual success rather than collective capacity. Leadership development is frequently tied to titles and positions - who gets promoted, who moves into decision-making roles - rather than to the everyday acts of leadership that sustain schools and learning communities.
To move beyond the hero-leader model, a different approach is needed - one that recognizes leadership as something distributed, relational, and embedded in the daily fabric of education systems. This means:
- Redefining leadership beyond formal roles. Teachers, mothers, students, fathers, and community members are already leading in ways that shape policy and practice. Recognizing and resourcing this leadership is critical.
- Shifting from training individuals to strengthening leadership ecosystems. Instead of focusing on a few high-potential leaders, investment should go toward networks and structures that allow leadership to emerge across the system.
- Breaking down hierarchies that stifle innovation. Too often, leadership is conflated with authority. But leadership in education comes not from issuing directives, but from enabling others to contribute, experiment, and shape solutions.
This shift is already happening in pockets. Some education systems are experimenting with teacher-led policymaking, where educators co-design reforms instead of simply implementing them. Others are reimagining leadership development, moving away from competitive selection processes, and toward open, community-driven approaches.
At its core, this is about rethinking who gets to lead. The future of education does not depend on a single visionary figure. It depends on whether we create the conditions for leadership to emerge everywhere—in classrooms, in communities, and across entire systems.
3) From Top-Down Reforms To Ground-up Change: Centering the Voices of Teachers and Students in Shaping Policy
Across contexts, education decisions are often made far from the realities of the classroom. Whether through national ministries or district mandates, policies tend to reflect distant priorities that perpetuate inherited purposes of education.
Yet, many relevant and sustainable innovations can emerge when communities closest to students - teachers, families, and students themselves - are involved in shaping the purpose of education. When teachers and students lead the conversation - not as token participants, but as co-designers - policies become more relevant, more resilient, and more rooted in contextual needs.
Some initiatives reflect this shift. Programs such as Arizona State University’s Next Education Workforce Initiative and Teach for America's Reinvention Lab are rethinking teacher roles, moving away from the one-teacher-per-classroom model toward collaborative, learner-centered ecosystems. These initiatives recognize that education’s purpose must evolve, and that means redesigning not just policies but the very way educators engage with students and communities.
If we’re truly serious about reimagining the purpose of education, we need to do more than adjust curriculum—we must radically expand the role of teachers as co-designers of learning, policy influencers, and builders of thriving communities.
The Path Forward: Learning Our Way Into the Future
Education systems don’t change by expanding single interventions. They change when people and ideas are linked in ways that allow change to take root, evolve, and sustain itself over time.
This change happens when we connect what’s already working, recognize leadership at every level, and create the conditions for teachers and students to shape the future together.
That’s where learning ecosystems come in. They move beyond rigid systems and bring people, ideas, and resources together in ways that make change possible. They’re about breaking silos, sharing knowledge, and making sure policies reflect the realities of classrooms.
Learning ecosystems make three critical shifts real:
- From Fragmented Efforts to Collective Action. Instead of starting from scratch, we connect and amplify what’s already making a difference.
- From Hero Leaders to Distributed Leadership. Leadership isn’t about titles - it’s about action. Teachers, students, and communities already lead in countless ways. It’s time we recognize and support them.
- From Top-Down Reforms to Ground-Up Change. The best solutions come from those closest to the work. When teachers and students have a voice in shaping education, policies become more relevant, more effective, and more sustainable.
But these shifts won’t happen on their own. They require all of us - policymakers, educators, funders, researchers, and community leaders - to come together not around a single solution, but around a shared commitment: to reimagine how change happens and who gets to lead it.
That means asking hard questions:
What assumptions do we hold about others in the system?
Are we willing to let go of control?
And are we ready - and willing - to reimagine the role we play in the system?
True co-creation requires more than collaboration - it demands a willingness to let go of preconceived roles, organizational identities, and fixed expertise. In that sense, leadership is both something we do in the moment and something we grow into over time. It’s not a fixed role, but a practice - the ongoing act of getting better at making things better.
Neeraj Doddamane G R is the Chief Strategy Officer at ShikshaLokam, an NGO enabling and amplifying leadership development opportunities for individuals and institutions engaged in K-12 education systems in India. Prior to ShikshaLokam, Neeraj was a Teach For India fellow and provided strategic consultation to several early-stage non-profits. Since 2018, he has been an active member of the Global Shapers Community and led the education initiatives of the Bengaluru Hub. Neeraj completed his post-graduate degree in Organisational Leadership from Said Business School, University of Oxford.
Eva Keiffenheim is an associate at Big Change who advises the team on strategic initiatives. In close collaboration with the Impact Team, Eva supports two initiatives - the Big Education Conversation and A New Education story, which she also co-authored. Her role focuses on driving education system transformation through raising awareness, engaging the wider community, and developing evidence for transformational change. Eva is an independent writer and researcher in education who dedicated her career to changing education systems so that all people can thrive.
"The Future of Teaching" session is part of the Education for Tomorrow's World program in the Salzburg Global Center for Education Transformation.
