Latest News

Salzburg Global Fellow Mustafa Aryan explores "Democracy on the Front Lines" through the lens of Afghanistan's setbacks towards democracy

This op-ed is part of a series, written by Fellows and speakers of the Salzburg Global Weekend, with the theme "Democracy on the Front Lines".

The current situation in Afghanistan presents a critical challenge to the pursuit of democracy as the country faces the return of Taliban rule. Afghanistan's path towards democracy has been marked by complexities, setbacks, and persistent challenges. In this reflection, I aim to shed light on the multifaceted nature of Afghanistan's democratic journey, particularly in the face of the Taliban's restrictions on women's rights, education, and the broader goals of inclusivity and freedom.

The front lines of democracy in Afghanistan today are defined by the fight for human rights, freedom, and inclusivity. The oppressive measures imposed by the Taliban, particularly the bans on women's rights and education, are clear violations of human rights and represent significant obstacles to achieving a democratic and inclusive society. The Taliban's regressive policies undermine the progress made over the past two decades in promoting women’s rights and gender equality. The front lines encompass the struggle to break down these barriers and ensure that every Afghan, regardless of gender or background, can actively participate in shaping the country’s future.

Over the past 20 years, the growth of freedom of expression and civic liberties has fostered a vibrant civil society that has engaged in open dialogue and held the authorities accountable. These gains, although erased or facing challenges amid Taliban rule, serve as a testament to the progress Afghanistan has made on its complex path towards democracy.

Democracy on the front lines means standing up for the principles of human rights, freedom, and inclusivity, even in the face of adversity. It means advocating for the rights of all men and women and ensuring their active participation in society.

In the current context of Afghanistan, democracy on the front lines entails opposing the Taliban's oppressive policies, including the bans on women's rights and education. It means mobilizing national and international support and resources to protect the gains made in women's rights, education, and gender equality. It also involves fostering alliances with Afghan civil society activists, human rights defenders, and women's groups to ensure their voices are heard and their rights protected. Additionally, it means providing equal opportunities for all Afghan citizens to work towards a society where every voice is heard and considered.

Looking ahead, the future of democracy in Afghanistan is undeniably challenging, given the current authoritarian rule by the Taliban. The Taliban's approach and outlook is not aligned with democratic principles. While the future of democracy is uncertain, it is crucial to maintain hope and actively work towards a future where democracy and human rights prevail. This requires engaging in dialogue, utilizing all available means to exert pressure on the Taliban to respect human rights obligations, and supporting inclusivity and freedom.

The new generation of Afghans that has emerged over the past two decades remains a force of hope for democracy in the country. This generation, characterized by their exposure to education, technology, and global connectivity, has demonstrated a strong commitment to democratic values, human rights, and freedom of expression. They have been at the forefront of democratic movements, advocating for human rights, civil liberties, and inclusive governance. The new generation is a driving force behind the continued fight for democracy, and their determination and resilience will be instrumental in shaping the future of Afghanistan.

Overall, Afghanistan's complex path towards freedom and inclusion requires unwavering dedication to democratic principles, active engagement at the front lines of democracy, and collective efforts to overcome the challenges and realize the aspirations of the Afghan people for a democratic and inclusive society.

Mustafa Aryan is the executive director of the Security, Gender & Development Institute, which operates as an international volunteer network of experts producing research and events focused on a gendered analysis of international security topics. Mustafa has worked in Afghanistan's private and public sectors for the last 11 years. Prior to the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the fall of the Afghan government, he served as the director of policy and strategy at the Office of the Chief Executive of Afghanistan, and then as the director of the Regional and International Affairs Commission of Afghanistan's High Council for National Reconciliation. Mustafa holds a BA in social science from Kabul University, an MA in international relations from the University of Afghanistan, and a second MA in international security studies from the University of Reading in the UK. He is a fellow of Women in International Security and of Salzburg Global Seminar.