Our Resources

This report, first published in 2021, was recently updated with new case studies and resources.

To read the Global Innovations on Youth Violence, Safety, and Justice, click here.

To view the 2021 executive summary of the Report, please click here.

Statement

In March 2023, Salzburg Global Fellows drafted a list of guidelines for a more holistic approach to addressing the causes of youth violence.

To read the Salzburg Statement for a Whole Systems Approach to Justice, click here.

Videos

• Watch 'Building Empathy into the Justice System' here.
• Watch 'Taking the Whole System Approach to Tackling Youth Violence' here.
• Watch 'Prevention Better Than a Cure: Childhood Development and Youth Violence' here.
• Watch 'What's Measured, Matters: Better Data for a Better Criminal Justice System' here.
• Watch 'Shifting the Narrative' here.

To download the Executive Summary from 23 February, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 23 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 27 April, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 25 May, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 22 June, please click here.

Blogs

• Abdinasir, Kadra. “Behaviour and mental health: towards a new approach”. June 4, 2021. Blog. Centre for Mental Health.
• Baltimore Youth Arts. “Meet the Youth Advisory Board”. Septeber 14, 2021. Blog. Baltimore Youth Arts.
• Community Works. “Restorative justice diversion: A model for the future”. 2020. Blog. Community Works.
• Jones, Alexi, and Wendy Sawyer. “'Not just “a few bad apples': U.S. police kill civilians at much higher rates than other countries”. June 5, 2020. Blog. Prison Policy Initiative.
• National Association of School Psychologists. “Fair and Effective Discipline for All Students: Best Practice Strategies for Educators”.
• rawatshubhani. “Why public transportation is a good choice for advertising”. June 23, 2021. Blog. Movia.
• Sawyer, Wendy. “Visualizing the racial disparities in mass incarceration”. July 27, 2020. Blog. Prison Policy Initiative.
• School of Education. “Inequality in Public School Funding: Key Issues & Solutions for Closing the Gap”. September 10, 2020. Blog. School of Education.
• Surr, Tom. “The problems with race in UK policing: Part 1”. July 15, 2020. Blog. Kingsley Napley.
• Widra, Emily. “No escape: The trauma of witnessing violence in prison”. December 2, 2020. Blog. Prison Policy Initiative.

Books

• Fawn, Rick, ed. 2014. Georgia: Revolution and War. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
• Hinton, Elizabeth. America on Fire: The Untold History of Police Violence and Black Rebellion Since the 1960s. London: William Collins, 2021.
• Roth, Randolph. American Homicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.
• Shelby, Tommie. Dark Ghettos. Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press, 2018.
• Zehr, Howard. Changing Lenses: A New Focus for Crime and Justice. Independence, MO: Herald Press, 2003.
• Zehr, Howard, Changing Lenses: Restorative Justice for Our Times. Indepednence, MO: Herald Press, 2015.

Government Publications

• Connecticut: An Act Concerning Notification To The Police Officer Standards And Training Council, 2017, File No. 229, House Bill No. 7093.
• Government of Canada. Restorative justice in cases of serious crime. Ottawa: Public Safety Canada.
• National School of Judges of Ukraine. 2008. EU-CoE Joint Programme Transparency and Efficiency of the Judicial System of Ukraine. Kiev: National School of Judges of Ukraine.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. 2020. Creating Connections to Support New Jersey’s Youth. Trenton, NJ: Office of the Attorney General.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. 2019. Directive Ensuring the Independent Investigation of Criminal Cases Involving Police Use-of-Force or In-Custody Deaths. Trenton, NJ: Department of Law and Public Safety.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. 2020. Directive Establishing Policies, Practices, and Procedures to Promote Juvenile Justice Reform. Trenton, NJ: Department of Law and Public Safety, 5.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. 2019. Law Enforcement Interactions with Transgender Individuals. Trenton, NJ: Division of Justice Criminal Justice.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. “Supporting Victims of Sexual Assault: Understanding the Services Available to Sexual Assault Victims in New Jersey”. November 2018.

Journal Articles

• Armas Contreras, Stephany. "Colombia's ex-combatant children and adolescents". Forced Migration Review, Issue 56 (2017): 31-34.
• Brewster, Larry. “The Impact of Prison Arts Programs on Inmate Attitudes and Behavior: A Quantitative Evaluation”. Justice Policy Journal, Volume 11, Number 2 (Fall) (2014), 2-4.
• Brotherton, David C., and Rafael Gude. "Social Control and the Gang: Lessons from the Legalization of Street Gangs in Ecuador". Critical Criminology, Volume 29, Issue 4 (December 2021): 931-955.
• DeGue, Sarah, Katherine A. Fowler, and Cynthia Calkins. “Deaths Due to Use of Lethal Force by Law Enforcement: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System, 17 U.S. States, 2009–2012”. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 51, Issue 5, Supplement 3 (November 2016).
• Feld, Barry C. “Punishing Kids in Juvenile and Criminal Courts”. Crime and Justice, Volume 47, Number 1 (2018): 417–474.
• Green, Bruce A., and Lara Bazelon. “Restorative Justice from a Prosecutors’ Perspective”. Fordham Law Review, Volume 88, Issue 6 (2020).
• Krinsky, Miriam, and Taylor Phares. “Accountability and Repair: The Prosecutor’s Case for Restorative Justice”. New York Law School Law Review, Volume 64, Issue 1 (January 2020): 37-38, 45.
• Marder, Ian D. "The new internaitonal restorative justice framework: reviewing three years of progress and efforts to promote access to services and cultural change". The International Journal of Restorative Justice, Number 3 (2020).
• Papazoglou, Konstantinos, and Brooke McQuerrey Tuttle. “Fighting Police Trauma: Practical Approaches to Addressing Psychological Needs of Officers”. Journal of Police Emergency Response, Volume 8, Issue 3 (August 22, 2018).
• LaPlant, Kristina M., Bailey R. Fairbanks, and Toby Bolsen. “Locked in a Box: How Activist Art Affects Opinions about Solitary Confinement”. New Political Science, Volume 42, Issue 3 (2020).
• Slade, Gavin. “Georgia's war on crime: creating security in a post-revolutionary context”. European Security, Volume 21, Issue 1 (March 12, 2012): 11, 12-14, 40-42.
• Zwecker, Naomi A., Anna J. Harrison, Leah J. Welty, Linda A. Teplin, and Karen M. Abram. “Social Support Networks among Delinquent Youth: An 8-Year Follow-up Study”. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, Volume 57, Issue 7 (2018).

Legal Resources

• Constitution of the Republic of South Africa: Bill of Rights, 1996, chap. 2, sec. 10.
• Constitutional Law of Georgia No 2071, 2018, art. 9.
• Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1998, art. 17 and art. 18.
• European Convention on Human Rights, 2021.
• India's Constitution of 1949 with Amendments through 2015, 2015, Preamble.
• Recommendation CM/Rec(2018)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member States concerning restorative justice in criminal matters, 2018.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programs in Criminal Matters.
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.

Magazine Articles

• Landergan, Katherine. “The City that Really Did Abolish the Police”. Politico, June 12, 2020.
• Simonite, Tom. “Algorithms Were Supposed to Fix the Bail System. They Haven't”. WIRED, February 19, 2020. 

Online Articles

• Agenda. “Georgia 3rd among countries with highest incarceration rates in Europe”. Agenda, April 8, 2021.
• Amnesty International. “South Africa: Broken and unequal education perpetuating poverty and inequality”. Amnesty International, February 11, 2020.
• Balmforth, Richard, and Natalia Zinets. “Ukraine to launch 'full clean-out' of corrupt officials”. Reuters, October 10, 2014.
• Bell, Brian, Rui Costa, and Stephen Machin. “Why education reduces crime”. VOX EU, October 14, 2018.
• Berman, Russell. "The Nation’s Most Ambitious Police Reform Launches Today". The Atlantic. December 21, 2020.
• Devlin, Matthew. “Seizing The Reform Moment: Rebuilding Georgia’s Police, 2004-2006”. Princeton University: Innovations for Successful Societies, May, 2010.
• Jurecic, Quinta. “Don’t Move On Just Yet”. The Atlantic, January 24, 2021.
• Khan, Lorraine, Geena Saini, Alex Augustine, Kyle Palmer, Mark Johnson, and Rohan Donald. “Evaluation of the Mind Birmingham Up My Street programme”. Centre for Mental Health, July 5, 2017.
• KSBY. “With no police shootings in 2020, Newark makes case for consent decrees”. KSBY, May 6, 2021.
• Lerman, Rachel. “Social media influencers are balancing ‘authentic’ messaging during protests and the pandemic”. Washington Post, June 12, 2020.
• O’Dea, Colleen. “All NJ police to get new training on excessive force”. NJ Spotlight News, April 16, 2021.
• Mualimm-ak, Five. “My Art Got Me Through My Time: Portraits from Solitary Confinement”. The New School, 30 October, 2019.
• Napoliello, Alex, and S.P. Sullivan. “N.J. will track police use of force, require licensing cops, AG says as protests roil nation”. NJ, June 2, 2020.
• Nguyen, Lilly. “Orange County Young Adult Court Helps Clear Felony Convictions”. Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2021.
• Page, Shannon, and Karla Jones. “Democratic Hope Fades in the Republic of Georgia”. American Legislative Exchange Council, March 24, 2021.
• Pathfinders. “How improving justice for children in Georgia led to lower reoffending rates”. Pathfinders, March 10, 2020.
• Pearson, Alexander. “Police shootings: German cops shot dead 14 people in 2017”. Deutsche Welle, June 28, 2018.
• European Forum for Restorative Justice. "The Idea of Restorative Justice and How It Developed Europe".
• Serhan, Yasmeen. “What the World Could Teach America About Policing”. The Atlantic, June 10, 2020.
• Smyton, Robin. “How Racial Segregation and Policing Intersect in America”. Tufts Now, June 17, 2020.
• State of New Jersey. "Strengthening Community Trust".
• State of New Jersey. "Use of Force Policy".
• The Marshall Project. “The State of Bail Reform”. The System, Issue 4 (2020).

Podcasts

• Ebrahimi, Amir, host. "Khary Mason, Detroit homicide detective talks about healing with writing and photography through Capturing Belief." Shoot Wisely, Season 1, Episode 7, The Content Creators Podcast, March 5, 2021.

Radio

• Doubek, James. “Former Chief Of Reformed Camden, N.J., Force: Police Need 'Consent Of The People'”. Produced by National Public Radio. Aired June 8, 2020, on NPR.
• Morning Edition. “D.C. Prosecutors, Once Dubious, Are Becoming Believers In Restorative Justice”. Produced by National Public Radio. Aired July 2, 2019, on NPR.
• Weekend Edition Sunday. “How A Consent Decree Has Changed Policing In Newark, N.J.” Produced by National Public Radio. Aired May 2, 2021, on NPR.

Reports

• Aertsen, Ivo. The Idea of Restorative Justice and How it Developed Europe. Leuven: European Forum for Restorative Justice.
• American Public Health Association. Addressing Law Enforcement Violence as a Public Health Issue. Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association, November 13, 2018. 
• Delaney, Ruth, Ram Subramaniam, Alison Shames, and Nicholas Turner. Reimagining Prison Web Report: Human Dignity as the Guiding Principle. New York: Vera: Institute of Justice, 2018.
• Engel, Robin, Nicholas Cosaro, Gabrielle Isazo, and Hannah McManus. Examining the Impact of Integrating Communications, Assessment, and Tactics (ICAT) De-escalation Training for the Louisville Metro Police Department: Initial Finding. University of Cincinnati, October 30, 2021.
• Goodfellow, Pippa, and Viv Francis. Custody to Community: Supporting Young People to Cope with Release: A Practitioner’s Guide. London: Beyond Youth Custody, 2016.
• Jeiranashvili, Nika, and Gavin Slade. Georgia’s Disastrous Attempt to Bring Prisons Up to “European Standards”. New York: Open Society Foundations, 2015.
• Kharitonov, Daniel. Police Reform in Georgia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University: Leadership Academy for Development.
• Morning Consult. The Influencer Report: Engaging Gen Z and Millennials.
• New Jersey Office of Attorney General. New Jersey Violence Intervention Program Report. April 28, 2021.
• Pearl, Betsy. “Ending the War on Drugs: By the Numbers”. CAP, June 27, 2018.
• Slade, Gavin, Iago Kachkachishvili, Lela Tsiskarishvili, Nika Jeiranashvili, and Nino Gobronidze. Crime and Excessive Punishment: The Prevalence and Causes of Human Rights Abuse in Georgia’s Prisons. Tbilisi: Open Society Georgia Foundation, 2014, 11, 12-13, 17-20, 28.
• Shiner, Michael, Zoe Carre, Rebekah Delsol, and Niamh Eastwood. The Colour of Injustice: ‘Race’, drugs and law enforcement in England and Wales. London: Release.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. Use of Force Policy. Trenton, NJ: Office of the Attorney General, December 2020.
• The Institute for Research on Women. Marking Time: Prison Arts and Activism Resource Guide. New Brunswick, NJ: The Institute for Research on Women, 2015.
• U.S. Department of Justice. Guide for Implementing the Balanced and Restorative Justice Model: Report. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 18.
• Vagins, Deborah J., and Jesselyn McCurdy. Cracks in the System: Twenty Years of the Unjust Federal Crack Cocaine Law. Washington, D.C.: American Civil Liberties Union, October 2006. 
• Wright, Sam, Mark Liddle, and Pippa Goodfellow. Developing Trauma-Informed Resettlement for Young Custody Leavers: A Practitioner’s Guide. London: Beyond Youth Custody, 2016.

Transcripts

• Davis, Fania, and sujatha baliga. “Restorative Justice: Spiritual Resources for Sustainable Peace in Communities”. Transcript of presentations delivered at Cambridge, MA, October 3, 2017. 

TV Shows

• "Amend: The Fight for America". Netflix, February 17, 2021.

Websites

• American Civil Liberties Union. “School-To-Prison Pipeline”.
• Cheek, Kendra, and Justin Bucchio. “School-to-Prison Pipeline Can Be Dismantled Using Alternative Discipline Strategies”. Juvenile Justice, September 7, 2017.
• Baltimore Youth Arts. “Mission, Vision & Values”.
• Baltimore Youth Arts. “Shop”. 
• Beyond Youth Custody. “About Beyond Youth Custody”.
• Council of Europe. "Council of Europe Office in Georgia News: Enhancing the Georgian Police’s Capacity in Juvenile Justice Matters”. February 17, 2020.
• European Forum for Restorative Justice. “Values of Restorative Justice”.
• Human Rights Watch. “The Context of Caste Violence”.
• Independent Office for Police Conduct. “Annual deaths during or following police contact statistics”.
• Legal Information Institute. “Plea bargain”.
• Mapping Police Violence. “Police Violence Map”. 2021.
• Minnesota Department of Corrections. "Restorative Justice".
• New Jersey Courts. “Criminal Justice Reform Information Center”.
• Open Society Foundations. “New Legal Aid Law Adopted in Georgia”. June 26, 2007.
• Penal Reform International. “IJJO Interview with PRI Georgia’s Regional Director on the evolution of the Juvenile Justice system”. March 28, 2012.
• Prison Trust Reform. “Race”.
• Prison Trust Reform. “Release on Temporary License (ROTL)”.
• Prosecutor’s Training Center of Ukraine. “Training course for juvenile prosecutors”. January 29, 2021.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. “Excellence in Policing Initiative”.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. “Governor Murphy and AG Grewal Announce Continued Progress and New Measures to Strengthen Police-Community Trust”. June 2, 2020.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. “History of the AG’s Office”.
• State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. “Officer Resiliency”.
• Statista. “Police related fatalities in England and Wales in the financial year 2019/20, by type”. September 2020.
• Transparency International. “Global Corruption Barometer”.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. “Topic three - How cost effective is restorative justice?” April 2019.
• United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. “Goal 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies”.
• World Prison Brief. "World Prison Brief: Online Database”. 2018.

To download the Executive Summary from 24 February, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 31 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 28 April, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 26 May, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 23 June, please click here.

Articles

• Brown, Dayna. “Building effective partnerships: local views”. Humanitarian Practice Network, May 2011.
• Cohen, David. “Radical vision that kept troubled children in school — and cut crime”. Evening Standard, January 7, 2020.
• Economic & Social Research Council. “Prevent: UK’s Counter Terrorism Strategy”.
• Heaven, Will Douglas. “Predictive policing algorithms are racist. They need to be dismantled”. MIT Technology Review, July 17, 2020.
• Horn, Chris. “Racial disparities revealed in massive traffic stop dataset”. South Carolina, June 12, 2020.
• Leatherby, Lauren, and Richard A. Oppel Jr. “Which Police Departments Are as Diverse as Their Communities?” The New York Times, September 23, 2020.
• Meckler, Laura, and Kate Rabinowitz. “America’s schools are more diverse than ever. But the teachers are still mostly white”. The Washington Post, December 27, 2019.
• Salzburg Global Seminar. “Fellows of the Child in the City - Health, Parks and Play Launch Salzburg Statement”. Salzburg Global Seminar, June 14, 2017.
• Scottish Government. “Whole system approach to young offending”. Scottish Government.
• Smith, Joan. “What do many terrorists have in common? They abuse women”. The Guardian, August 5, 2021.
• State of New Jersey. “Governor Murphy, Attorney General Gurbir Grewal, and Former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords Announce Winners of Grants for Nine Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs Across New Jersey”. State of New Jersey, January 29, 2020.
• State of New Jersey. “AG Grewal and Education Commissioner Dehmer Announce Statewide “Handle With Care” Program to Protect Children Who Experience Traumatic Events: Showcase Program in Videos with Middle Township Police Chief Christopher Leusner and Special Agent in Charge Susan Gibson of DEA’s NJ Division, Who Pioneered Program in State”. State of New Jersey: Office of the Attorney General. October 6, 2020.
• Tonkin, Samantha. “Heroin addicts enrolled on Switzerland's drug treatment programme will in future have their fixes paid for by health insurance companies”. Swissinfo, June 12, 2002.
• Weale, Sally. “Reform school exclusions to tackle knife crime, MPs urge”. The Guardian, October 25, 2019.

Books

• Smith, Joan. Home Grown: How Domestic Violence Turns Men Into Terrorists. London: Hachette, 2019.

Government Publications

• Glasgow City Council. June 2016. Every child is included and supported: Getting it right in Glasgow, the Nurturing City: Policy Guidelines. Glasgow: Glasgow City Council, 4.
• Glasgow City Council. April 2018. Included, Engaged and Involved: A Positive Approach to Preventing and Managing School Exclusions. Glasgow: Glasgow City Council.
• HM Government. October 2021. Channel: Vulnerability Assessment Framework.
• UK Government. The Lammy Review.
• UK Parliament: House of Commons Library. July 22, 2019. How is the Government implementing a ‘public health approach’ to serious violence? London: UK Parliament.
• U.S. Department of Education. July 2016. The State of Racial Diversity in the Educator Workforce. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, Policy and Program Studies Service.
• The White House: Briefing Room. April 7, 2021. FACT SHEET: More Details on the Biden-⁠Harris Administration’s Investments in Community Violence Interventions. Washington, D.C.: The White House.

Journal Articles

• Armas Contreras, Stephany. "Colombia's ex-combatant children and adolescents." Forced Migration review, Issue 56 (2017): 31-34.
• Calzada Gerard, Julie Giustiniani, Tiago Gois, André Kuntz, Yasser Khazaal, and Danielle Zullino. “Apprentissage de l’élargissement des modalités de prescription de l’héroïne médicale avec le Covid-19”. [Learning to expand medical heroin prescribing modalities with Covid-19]. Rev Med Suisse, Volume 7, No. 742 (June 9, 2021). French.
• Clay, Rebecca A. “How Portugal Is Solving Its Opioid Problem”. American Psychological Association, Volume 49, No. 9 (2018).
• Johnson, E M, and Belfer M L. “Substance abuse and violence: cause and consequence”. Journal of Health Care Poor Underserved, Volume 6, Issue 2 (1995).
• Kerig, Patricia K., Cecilia Wainryb, Michelle Sinayobye Twali, and Shannon D. Chaplo. “America's Child Soldiers: Toward a Research Agenda for Studying Gang-Involved Youth in the United States”. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Volume 22, Issue 7 (2013).
• Loya, Melody. “Racial Attitudes in White Social Workers: Implications for Culturally Sensitive Practice”. Politics, Bureaucracy, and Justice, Volume 3, Number 3 (2012): 24.
• Plenty, Stephanie, and Carina Mood. “Peers and Parents: Social and Economic Aspects of Inequality in Youth Wellbeing”. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Volume 45 (2016).
• Shoffa, Carla, and Tse-Chuan Yang. “Untangling the associations among distrust, race, and neighborhood social environment: A social disorganization perspective”. Social Science & Medicine, Volume 74, Issue 9 (May 2012).
• Uchtenhagen, Ambros. “Heroin-assisted treatment in Switzerland: a case study in policy change”. Addiction, Volume 105, Issue 1 (December 14, 2009).
• Volkow, Nora D., Vladimir Poznyak, Shekhar Saxena, Gilberto Gerra, and UNODO-WHO Informal International Scientific Framework. “Drug use disorders: impact of a public health rather than a criminal justice approach”. World Psychiatry, Volume 16, Issue 2 (June, 2017).
• Vomfell, Lara, and Neil Stewart. “Officer bias, over-patrolling and ethnic disparities in stop and search”. Nature Human Behavior, Volume 5, (January 18, 2021).

Radio

• Westervelt, Eric. “Mental Health And Police Violence: How Crisis Intervention Teams Are Failing”. Produced by National Public Radio. Aired September 18, 2020, on NPR.

Reports

• Centre for Mental Health. Mental health for all? The final report of the Commission for Equality in Mental Health. London: Centre for Mental Health, November 12, 2020.
• Centre for Mental Health. Fit for Purpose? Addressing inequities in mental health research exacerbated by Covid-19. London: Centre for Mental Health, July 6, 2021.
• Cheatham, Amelia, and Lindsay Maizland. How Police Compare in Different Democracies. Washington, D.C.: Council on Foreign Relations, April 21, 2021.
• Children's Commissioner for England. Still Not Safe. February 5, 2021.
• Counter-Terrorism Policing. Analytical Report: Prevalence of domestic abuse related incidences within Prevent referrals. London: Counter-Terrorism Policing, November 24, 2021.
• Everytown Support Fund. Gunfire on School Grounds in the United States. New York: Everytown Support Fund, November 12, 2021.
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. New Heroin-Assisted Treatment: Recent evidence and current practices of supervised injectable heroin treatment in Europe and beyond. 2012.
• Hinton, Elizabeth, and Cindy Reed. An Unjust Burden: The Disparate Treatment of Black Americans in the Criminal Justice System. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, May 2018.
• Loft, Philip. The Troubled Families programme (England). London: UK Parliament: House of Commons Library, November 27, 2020.
• Mandaville, Peter and Melissa Nozell. Special Report: Engaging Religion and Religious Actors in Countering Violent Extremism. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, August 2017.
• Muhammad, David, and Cait Ahearn. Healthy, Wealthy and Wise: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Transformative Credible Messenger Mentoring to Reduce Violence and Justice System Involvement. National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, March, 2020.
• Roberts, Ellie, and Tanya Crowther, Ashley Brown, and Jane Kerr. Family Drug and Alcohol Court National Unity: independent evaluation. London: United Kingdom Department of Education, January, 2017.
• Safe Lives. Marac Overview – Scotland. Bristol: Safe Lives, February 2019.
• The Pew Charitable Trusts. More Imprisonment Does Not Reduce State Drug Problems: Data show no relationship between prison terms and drug misuse. The Pew Charitable Trusts, March 8, 2018.
• Transform: Drug Policy Reform. “Drug Decriminalisation in Portugal: Setting the Record Straight”. 2018.
• UK Government. Improving families’ lives: annual report of the Troubled Families Programme 2020 to 2021. London: UK Government, March 26, 2021.
• UK Government. Police Workforce. London: UK Government, January 29, 2021.
• UK Government: Council Meetings Lewisham. Glasgow Model. London: UK Government: Council Meetings Lewisham, 6-8.

Videos

• Newham London. “Geeta Subramaniam-Mooney: Whole Systems Approach at Newham”. April 26, 2021.
• Aces Aware. “Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General’s Report Webinar”. December 10, 2020.

Websites

• CAN Reduce. “Willkommen bei CANreduce”.
• CAN Reduce.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “What is the Cardiff Violence Prevention Model?”
• Centre for Mental Health. “Centre for Mental Health”.
• Contextual Safeguarding. “Our History”.
• Glasgow City Council. “Nurture: Towards the Nurturing City”.
• National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare. “Family Treatment Courts”.
• Nurture UK. “What We Do”.
• Peace Ambassadors Integration Organization (PAMBIO). “Peace Advocacy & Education”.
• Ready 4 Life. “Die interaktive Coaching-App der Lungenliga”.
• Rethink Mental Illness. “Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) mental health”.
• Second Wave. “Shadow Games…”.
• Take Care of Me. “Welcome to Take Care of Me”.
• The Butler Trust. “Knowledge Exchange”.
• Treatment Advocacy Center. “Public Service Costs”.
• UK Government: Mayor of London. “Revealed: full links between poverty and violent crime in London”. July 15, 2019.
• Understanding Glasgow: The Glasgow Indicators Project. “Deprivation”.
• Understanding Glasgow: The Glasgow Indicators Project. “Drug related death rates”.
• Understanding Glasgow: The Glasgow Indicators Project. “Exploring alcohol-related harm in Glasgow”.
• United Nations Children's Fund. “Practice Examples: Protection”.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. “Post UNGASS 2016”.
• Wales Violence Prevention Unit. “NHS Violence Prevention Team”.
• World Prison Brief. “World Prison Brief: Online Database”. 2018.
• YMCA of Metro Chicago. “Youth Safety & Violence Prevention: Urban Warriors”.

To download the Executive Summary from 2 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 30 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 20 April, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 18 May, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 15 June, please click here.

Articles

• American Civil Liberties Union. “Decarceration and Crime During COVID-19”. ACLU, July 27, 2020.
• Brodkin, Jon. “LA police ask people they stop for their Facebook and Twitter account info”. Ars Technica, September 9, 2021.
• Dancig-Rosenberg, Hadar, and Tali Gal. “Many Shades of Success: Professionals’ Perceptions of Success in Community Court”, 8-14. (in review, forthcoming).
• DeBolt, David. “Federal oversight of the Oakland Police Department may be nearing its end, attorneys say”. The Oaklandside, August 25, 2021.
• Grierson, Jamie. “Predictive policing poses discrimination risk, thinktank warns”. The Guardian, September 16, 2019.
• Holton, Jake. “US crime: Is America seeing a surge in violence?” British Broadcasting Company, 7 July.
• Kleinfeld, Joshua, and Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg. “Social Trust in Criminal Justice: A Metric”. (draft article), 2.
• Lybrand, Holms, and Tara Subramanian. “Fact-checking claims bail reform is driving increase in violent crime”. The Cable News Network, July 7, 2021.
• Pereira, Sydney. “Data Contradicts NYPD's Claim That Bail Reform And COVID-Releases Drove Shooting Spike”. Gothamist, July 9, 2020.

Books

• Muhammad, Khalil Gibran. The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America, With a New Preface. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Datasets

• City of Oakland. Community Survey ― Reimagining Public Safety in Oakland (Public Responses). Oakland, CA: City of Oakland.
• Federal Court Management Statistics. U.S. Court of Appeals Summary ― 12 -Month Period Ending June 30, 2021.
• United States Census Bureau. QuickFacts: Oakland city, California. United States Census Bureau.

Journal Articles

• Datta, Ranjan. “Decolonizing both researcher and research and its effectiveness in Indigenous research”. Research Ethics, Volume 14, Issue 2 (2018).
• Feld, Barry. “The Youth Discount: Old Enough to do the Crime, Too Young to do the Time”. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, Volume 11, Issue 1 (2013).
• Gal, Tali, and Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg. “Characterizing Multi-door Criminal Justice: A Comparative Analysis of Three Criminal Justice Mechanisms”. New Criminal Law Review, Volume 23, Issue 1 (Winter 2020).
• Gal, Tali, and Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg. “‘I'm Starting to Believe in the Word Justice’: Lessons from an Ethnographic Study on Community Courts”. The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 68, Issue 2 (2020).
• Rosenfeld, Richard, Eric Baumer, and Steven F. Messner. “Social trust, firearm prevalence, and homicide”. Annals of Epidemiology, Volume 17, Issue, 2 (February 2007).
• Sampson, Robert J., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. “Neighborhood stigma and the perception of disorder”. Focus, Volume 24, Number 1 (2005).

Radio

• Smith, Patrick. “A Program Gives Jobs To Those Most At Risk For Violence; Can Chicago Afford It?” Produced by National Public Radio. Aired June 6, 2019, on NPR.
• Westervelt, Eric. “Mental Health And Police Violence: How Crisis Intervention Teams Are Failing”. Produced by National Public Radio. Aired September 18, 2020, on NPR.

Reports

• Bradford, Ben, and Matteo Tiratelli. Does stop and search reduce crime? London: Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, UK Justice Policy Review, Issue 4.
• Center for Constitutional Rights. Stop and Frisk: The Human Impact. New York: Center for Constitutional Rights, July 2012.
• City of Oakland. Oakland Reimagining Public Safety Task Force: Report and Recommendations. Oakland, CA: City of Oakland.
• National Council on Crime and Delinquency. Developing a Successful Street Outreach Program: Recommendations and Lessons Learned. Oakland, CA: National Council on Crime and Delinquency, October 2009.
• Ostrom, Brian J., and Roger A. Hanson. Understanding and Diagnosing Court Culture. Williamsburg, VA: Court Review: The Journal of the American Judges Associations.
• Rainie, Lee, Scott Keeter, and Andrew Perrin. Trust and Distrust in America. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, July 22, 2019.
• The CUNY Institute for State and Local Governance. Jail Decarceration and Public Safety: Preliminary Findings from the Safety and Justice Challenge. Safety + Justice Challenge, June 22, 2021.
• The CUNY Institute for State and Local Governance. Reducing the Misuse and Overuse of Jails in Safety and Justice Challenge Sites: An Interim Progress Report. Safety + Justice Challenge, February 9, 2021.
• The JFA Institute. The Impact of COVID-19 on Crime, Arrests, and Jail Populations. Safety + Justice Challenge, June 22, 2021.
• Wike, Richard, and Kathleen Holzwart. Where Trust is High, Crime and Corruption are Low. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, April 15, 2008.

Websites

• City of Oakland. “Data Information”.
• City of Oakland. “Reimagining Public Safety”.
• Everyday Peace Indicators. “Mission”.
• Legal Information Institute. “Legal realism”.
• MacArthur Foundation. “Research Network on Adolescent Development & Juvenile Justice”.
• Mayor of London. “Data and statistics”.
• POKET. “POKET”.
• READI Chicago. “About”.
• READI Chicago. “Impact”.
• READI Chicago. “READI Chicago: A Heartland Alliance Program”.
• Safety + Justice Challenge. “Safety and Justice Challenge”.
• Slalom. “City of Oakland: Creating police transparency and trust with data”.
• State of New Jersey: Department of Law & Public Safety. “Reducing Use of Force by Law Enforcement”.
• Streetwyze. “Streetwyze”.

• For sample questions, see: Everyday Peace Indicators. “Codebooks & Data”.

To download the Executive Summary from 3 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 24 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 19 May, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 16 June, please click here.

Articles

• Ardigó, Iñaki Albisu. “Local Government Accountability Mechanisms”. Bergen: U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Chr. Michelsen Institute (U4 Helpdesk Answer 2019:9) (2019).
• Berry, Anna. “EU Warns Hungary after Civil Society Crackdown”. Nonprofit Quarterly, May 17, 2017.
• British Film Institute (BFI). “Screen online”.
• Brown, Sara. “MIT Sloan research about social media, misinformation, and elections”. MIT Management: Sloan School, October 5, 2020.
• Carothers, Thomas, and Andrew O’Donohue. “Polarization and the Pandemic”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 28, 2020.
• Conroy-Krutz, Jeff. “Nigeria Has Banned Twitter. Here’s What This Could Mean for Its Democracy and Online Activism”. Global Citizen, June 7, 2021.
• Couttenier, Mathieu, Sophie Hatte, Mathias Thoenig and Stefanos Vlachos, “DP13496: The Logic of Fear – Populism and Media Coverage of Immigrant Crimes”. Centre for Economic Policy Research, January 2019.
• Davies, William. “Why Can’t We Agree on What’s True Any More?” The Guardian, September 19, 2019.
• Gottfried, Jeffrey, Mason Walker, and Amy Mitchell. “Americans Are Largely Skeptical of the News Media, but Say There Is Room for Confidence to Improve”. Pew Research Center, August 31, 2020.
• Gramlich, John. “Young Americans Are Less Trusting of Other People – and Key Institutions – than their Elders”. Pew Research Center, August 6, 2019.
• Hern, Alex. “Britons less trusting of social media than other major nations”. The Guardian, May 3, 2019.
• Jurecic, Quinta. “Don’t Move On Just Yet.” The Atlantic, January 24, 2021.
• Nguyen, Lilly. “Orange County Young Adult Court Helps Clear Felony Convictions.” Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2021.
• Ruth Levine. “How Funders Can Help Reimagine the Relationship Between International NGOs and Local Partners”. The Center for Effective Philanthropy, February 6, 2020.
• McCarthy, Justin. “Americans Still More Trusting of Local than State Government”. GALLUP News: Politics, October 8, 2018.
• Menezes, Sunshine. “Science Training for Journalists: An Essential Tool in the Post-Specialist Era of Journalism”. Frontiers in Communication, January 30, 2018.
• Nalvarte, Paola. “Young People in Developing Countries Consume News from Social Media on Cell Phones, but Have a Strong Mistrust of It, According to Study”. LatAm Journalism Review, March 9, 2021.
• Open Society Justice Initiative. “Football Brings Georgian Prosecutors Closer to Community”. Open Society Foundations, May 29, 2007.
• Parliamentarians for Global Action. “Senate of the Philippines passes bill that abolishes child marriage”.
• Reuters. “Turkey Debates Law that Would Increase Oversight of NGOs”. December 25, 2020.
• Ruhrmann, Georg, and Songül Demren. “Wie Medien über Migranten berichten”. In Migranten und Medien. Neue Herausforderungen an die Integrationsfunktion von Presse und Rundfunk. Heribert Schatz, Christina Holtz-Bacha, and Jörg-Uwe Nieland, eds. (Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 2000).
• Shuster, Simon. “Inside the Prison that Beat a President: How Georgia’s Saakashvili Lost His Election”. Time, October 2, 2012.
• Tamber, Aleesha Kaur. “Social Media and Modern Activism”. University of Birmingham, May 11, 2021.
• Thornborough, Joanna. “Trust in Local Government Is Still High, and Policymakers Should Take Advantage of It”. LSE COVID-19 Blog: From Research to Global Policy Response, LSE School of Public Policy, April 19, 2021.
• YouGovAmerica. “The Most Popular Documentaries (Q3 2021)”.

Books

• Garretson, Jeremiah J. The Path to Gay Rights: How Activism and Coming Out Changed Public Opinion. New York: New York University Press, 2018.
• Lane, Jeffrey. The Digital Street. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Digital Media

• “Amend: The Fight for America”. Netflix, February 17, 2021.
• Ebrahimi, Amir, host. “Khary Mason, Detroit homicide detective talks about healing with writing and photography through Capturing Belief”. Shoot Wisely, Season 1, Episode 7, The Content Creators Podcast, March 5, 2021.
• Freep Film Festival. “Documenting Detroit: Emerging Photographers Share Their Work”. YouTube, uploaded by Freep Film Festival, March 12, 2021.

Journal Articles

• Armas Contreras, Stephany. “Colombia's ex-combatant children and adolescents”. Forced Migration review, Issue 56 (2017): 31-34.
• Chiarella, Gregory M. “Sources of Law, Sources of Authority: The Failure of the Philippines' Code of Muslim Personal Laws”. Washington International Law Journal, Volume 21, Number 1 (January 1, 2012): 231-2, 234-235.
• International Center for Not-for-Profit Law. “NGOs in the Political Realm: Political Activities of NDOs – International Law and Best Practices”. International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, Volume 12, Issue 1 (2009).
• Patton, Desmond U., William R. Frey, and Michael Gaskell. “Guns on Social Media: Complex Interpretations of Gun Images Posted by Chicago Youth”. Palgrave Communications, Volume 5, Number 119 (2019).
• Schillinger, Dean, Jessica Tran, and Sarah Fine. “Do Low Income Youth of Color See ‘The Bigger Picture’ When Discussing Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Evaluation of a Public Health Literacy Campaign”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 15, Number 5 (2018).
• Vatuk, Sylvia. “The ‘Women's Court’ in India: An Alternative Dispute Resolution Body for Women in Distress”. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, Volume 45, Issue 1 (2013).

Legal Resources

• Executive Order No. 209. July 6, 1987.
• Presidential Decree No.1083.
• Republic Act No. 11054. July 24, 2017.

Magazine Articles

• Teles, Steven M., and David Dagan. “Conservatives and Criminal Justice”. National Affairs, Volume 49, Fall 2021.

Reports

• Anderson, Monica, Skye Toor, Lee Rainie, and Aaron Smith. Activism in the Social Media Age. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, July 11, 2018.
• Abuza, Zachary, and Luke Lischin. The Challenges Facing the Philippines’ Bangsamoro Autonomous Region at One Year. Washington, D.C.: The United States Institute of Peace, June 10, 2020.
• Barbara Klugman. Social Justice Journalism: Lessons from Health-e News. Hamilton, BM: The Atlantic Philanthropies, September 2016.
• Human Rights Watch. Philippines: Events of 2019. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2020.
• John Jay College of Criminal Justice. 26 Journalist Fellows Chosen to Strengthen Reporting on Juvenile Justice. New York: John Jay College of Criminal Justice, May 2016.
• Jurkowitz, Mark, and Amy Mitchell. An oasis of bipartisanship: Republicans and Democrats distrust social media sites for political and election news. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, January 29, 2020.
• Kalogeropoulos, Antonis. How Younger Generations Consume News Differently. Oxford: Reuters Institute: Digital News Report, September 2019.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice: Fit for All Generations? Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020: Ch. 3.
• U.S. Department of State: Office of International Religious Freedom. 2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Philippines. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State: Office of International Religious Freedom, 2019.

Websites

• Bangsamoro. “Bangsamoro People”.
• British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). “Witness History”.
• Centre for Mental Health. “Centre for Mental Health”.
• Kelly, John. “Learning from Massachusetts’ Juvenile Justice Experiment”. December 19, 2011.
• Libertarian Party. “Crime and Justice: Libertarians Believe that the Existing Justice System is Seriously Flawed”.
• Prosecutor’s Office of Georgia. “Project ‘Prosecutor’s Office Oriented on Public’”. April 2013.
• Right on Crime. “The Conservative Case for Reform”. 2021.
• The Advocacy People in the United Kingdom. “About Us”.
• The Butler Trust. “Knowledge Exchange”.
• The World Prison Brief. “World Prison Brief: Online Database”. 2018.
• Toledo Museum of Art. “Visual Literacy”.
• Youth Endowment Fund. “YEF Toolkit”.

To download the Executive Summary from 4 March, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 8 April, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 6 May, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 3 June, please click here.

To download the Executive Summary from 1 July, please click here.

Articles

• Griffin, Jo. “‘I have no thought of escaping’: inside the Brazilian prisons with no guards”. The Guardian, April 2, 2018.
• Justice Trends. “APAC: Prisons without guards, police, weapons, violence, corruption, drugs and discrimination // Interview: Valdeci Ferreira”. Justice Trends, July 21, 2020.
• Mayor of London. “Revealed: New report shows violence cost London £3 billion last year”. Mayor of London, January 30, 2020.
• Nguyen, Lilly. “Orange County Young Adult Court Helps Clear Felony Convictions”. Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2021.
• No Kids in Prison. “Investing in a Continuum of Care: Sample Youth Programs”. 2020.
• Occhetta, Francesco. “Restorative Justice in Brazil: The Educational Method of APAC Prisons”. La Civiltà Cattolica, December 13, 2018.
• READI Chicago. “READI Chicago Evaluation Finds Reductions in Shootings and Homicides”. READI Chicago, May 20201.
• The Vine. “OC’s Young Adult Court Offers a Second Chance”. The Vine, January 25, 2021.
• Transform: Drug Policy Foundation. “Drug Decriminalisation in Portugal: Setting the Record Straight”. 2018.
• UCI School of Social Ecology. “A second chance”. UCI, November 2, 2020.
• UK Parliament. “‘Secure schools’ call as Committee welcomes drop in youth detention”. UK Parliament: Committees, February 10, 2021.
• United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. “United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review 3rd Session: Colombia”. 2008.
• Van Ness, Dan. “Dr. Mario Ottoboni | Brazil: A Tribute to the Father of the APAC Prison Methodology”. Prison Fellowship International.

Books

• Roth, Randolph. American Homicide. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2009.
• Shelby, Tommie, Dark Ghettos. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018.
• Smith, Joan. Home Grown: How Domestic Violence Turns Men Into Terrorists. London: riverrun, 2019.

Blogs

• Walker, Lorenn. “APAC: Brazil's Restorative Justice Prisons”. Restorative Justice & Other Public Health Approaches for Healing: Transforming Conflict into Resiliency. August 5, 2010.

Digital Media

• “Amend: The Fight for America”. Netflix, February 17, 2021.
• AVSI Brasil. “Além dos Muros - Copa 2014”. June 2, 2014.
• Ebrahimi, Amir, host. “Khary Mason, Detroit homicide detective talks about healing with writing and photography through Capturing Belief”. Shoot Wisely, Season 1, Episode 7, The Content Creators Podcast, March 5, 2021.
• UCI Social Ecology. “Young Adult Court - FULL VERSION (featuring Beth Cauffman)”. November 3, 2020.

Journal Articles

• Albright, Shelley, and Furjen Denq. “Employer Attitudes Toward Hiring Ex-Offenders”. The Prison Journal, Volume 76, Issue 2 (1996).
• Armas Contreras, Stephany. “Colombia's ex-combatant children and adolescents”. Forced Migration review, Issue 56 (2017): 31-34.
• Brotherton, David C., and Rafael Gude. “Social Control and the Gang: Lessons from the Legalization of Street Gangs in Ecuador”. Critical Criminology, Volume 29 (May 2020): 931-955.
• Cauffman, Elizabeth. “A statewide screening of mental health symptoms among juvenile offenders in detention”. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Volume 43, Issue 4 (2004).
• Clay, Rebecca A. “How Portugal Is Solving Its Opioid Problem”. America Psychological Association, Volume 49, Number 9 (2018).
• Feld, Barry C. “Punishing Kids in Juvenile and Criminal Courts”. Crime and Justice, Volume 47, Number 1 (2018): 417-74.
• Gilad, Michal, and Abraham Gutman. “The Tragedy of Wasted Funds and Broken Dreams: An Economic Analysis of Childhood Exposure to Crime and Violence”. University of Illinois Law Review, Volume 2021, Number 1 (September 2019): 41-43, 59-60, 88.
• Gilad, Michal, Abraham Gutman, and Stephen P. Chawaga. “The Snowball Effect of Crime and Violence: Measuring the Triple-C Impact”. Urban Law Journal, Volume 46, Number 1 (2019): 42.
• Heckman, James J., Seong Hyeok Moon, Rodrigo Pinto, Peter A. Savelyev, and Adam Yavitza. “The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program”. Journal of Public Economics, Volume 94, Issue 1 (2010).
• Mauricio, Anna M., Michelle Little, Laurie Chassin, George P. Knight, Alex R. Piquero, Sandra H. Losoya, and Delfino Vargas-Chanes. “Juvenile Offenders’ Alcohol and Marijuana Trajectories: Risk and Protective Factor Effects in the Context of Time in a Supervised Facility”. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Volume 38, Issue 3 (March 2009).
• Mccoy, Dana Charles. “Early Violence Exposure and Self-Regulatory Development: A Bioecological Systems Perspective”. Human Development, Volume 54, Issue 4 (August 2013): 260, 266.
• Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbusch, and Felton Earls. “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy”. Science, Volume 277 (August 15, 1997): 918-924.
• Weaver, Chelsea M., John G. Borkowski, and Thomas L. Whitman. “Violence Breeds Violence: Childhood Exposure and Adolescent Conduct Problems”. Journal of Community Psychology, Volume 36, Issue 1 (January 2008).

Reports

• American Civil Liberties Union. False Hope: How Parole Systems Fail Youth Serving Extreme Sentences. New York: ACLU: 50-51.
• AVSI Brasil. APAC: A Humanização Do Sistema Prisional: Sistematização de processos e fundamentos jurídico-metodológicos que embasam a expansão do método como política pública no Brasil. Belo Horizonte: AVSI (2018).
• Counter-Terrorism Policing. Analytical Report: Prevalence of domestic abuse related incidences within Prevent referrals. London: Counter-Terrorism Policing, November 24, 2021.
• Everytown Support Fund. The Economic Cost of Gun Violence: How to Save $280 Billion During a COVID Recession. New York: Everytown Support Fund, February 17, 2021.
• Goff, Phillip Atiba, Elizabeth Hinton, Tracey L. Meares, Caroline Nobo Sarnoff, and Tom R. Tyler. Re-Imagining Public Safety: Prevent Harm and Lead with the Truth. Connecticut: Yale Law School and the Center for Policing Equity, 2019.
• Healing Justice Alliance. Best Practices for Supporting Frontline Violence Intervention Workers. Healing Justice Alliance.
• Justice Policy Institute. Factsheet: The tip of the iceberg: What taxpayers pay to incarcerate youth. Justice Policy Institute, March 2015. (Costs of course vary by state).
• Muhammad, David, and Cait Ahearn. Healthy, Wealthy and Wise: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Transformative Credible Messenger Mentoring to Reduce Violence and Justice System Involvement. National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, March 2020.
• National Council on Crime and Delinquency. Developing a Successful Street Outreach Program: Recommendations and Lessons Learned. Oakland, CA: National Council on Crime and Delinquency, October 2009: 5.
• Prop, L.J.C., M.G.C.J. Beerthuizen, and A.M. van der Laan. Adolescentenstrafrecht: Effecten van de toepassing van het jeugdstrafrecht bij jongvolwassenen op resocialisatie en recidive. The Hague: Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-en Documentatiecentrum, Cahier, May 2021: 78.
• Rovner, Josh. Juvenile Life Without Parole: An Overview. Washington, D.C.: The Sentencing Project, 2020.
• Children's Commissioner for England. Still Not Safe. February 5, 2021.
• Stubbs, Jessica, and Graham Durcan. Unlocking a different future: An independent evaluation of Project Future. London: Centre for Mental Health, December 2017.
• UK Government. The Lammy Review: An Independent Review into the Treatment of, and Outcomes for, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Individuals in the Criminal Justice System. London: UK Government, September 8, 2017.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Brasilia Office. Building Knowledge: Conceptual Framework and Methodology for the Open School Programme: Education and Culture for Peace. Brasilia: UNESCO, 2009.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Brasilia Office. Open School: A Step-by-Step Guide for Implementation of the Open School Programme: Education and Culture for Peace. Brasilia: UNESCO, 2009.
• Washburn, Jason J., Linda A. Teplin, Laurie S. Voss, Clarissa D. Simon, Karen M. Abram, Gary M. McClelland, and Nichole D. Olson. Detained Youth Processed in Juvenile and Adult Court: Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Needs. Laurel, MD: U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Program: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Speeches

• The White House, 2021. Remarks by President Biden and Attorney General Garland on Gun Crime Prevention Strategy.

Websites

• Child Care & Early Education: Research Connections. “About Research Connections”.
• Children’s Defense Fund. “The State of America's Children 2020: Youth Justice”.
• Fundación Reintegra. “Fundación Reintegra”.
• Justice Policy Institute. “Smart, Safe, and Fair: Strategies to Prevent Youth Violence, Heal Victims of Crime, and Reduce Racial Inequality”. September 4, 2018.
• National Association of Youth Courts. “The Significance of Youth Courts: The Mission of the National Association of Youth Courts”.
• Prison Fellowship International. “APAC is Changing Lives in Brazil”.
• READI Chicago. “About”.
• READI Chicago. “Impact”.
• READI Chicago. “Program”.
• The Butler Trust. “Knowledge Exchange”. 
• The World Prison Brief. “World Prison Brief: Online Database”. 2018.
• UCI: Development, Disorder, and Delinquency Laboratory. “Young Adult Court”.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. “Open Schools Programme”.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. “Youth In Brazil”.
• Youth Justice Resource Hub. “Out-of-court-disposals and prevention”.

Report

To read the full Global Innovations on Youth Violence, Safety, and Justice Report, click here.

To view the 2021 executive summary of the Report, click here.

Statement

To read the Salzburg Statement for a Whole Systems Approach to Justice, click here.

Videos

• Watch 'Building Empathy into the Justice System' here.
• Watch 'Taking the Whole System Approach to Tackling Youth Violence' here.
• Watch 'Prevention Better Than a Cure: Childhood Development and Youth Violence' here.
• Watch 'What's Measured, Matters: Better Data for a Better Criminal Justice System' here.
• Watch 'Shifting the Narrative' here.

Online Articles

• Other groups have weighed similar questions (e.g., McCarthy, Patrick, Vincent Schiraldi, and Miriam Shark. “The Future of Youth Justice: A Community-Based Alternative to the Youth Prison Model”. Office of Justice Programs, October 2016), but new models and the advocacy necessary for their implementation should be considered further.
• What Are the Drivers of Youth Violence - And What Can We Do About Them? A whole systems approach can help us tackle youth violence, according to Salzburg Global Fellows.
• 5 Youth Violence Experts on How Research Can Deliver Real Impact - Salzburg Global Fellows shared their view on the role of research in formulating good policy — and how it can be used to deliver real impact and a whole of system approach to counter youth violence.

Websites

• JPMorgan & Chase. “The Fellowship Initiative”.

Restorative Justice, Rehabilitation, and Healing | 27 January, 2022

• To view Petra Masopust Šachová’s presentation, please click here.
• To view Gianna Rodriguez’s presentation, please click here.
• Carvente-Martínez, Hernán. “Four Steps to an NYC ‘Healing Revolution’”. The New School, January 12, 2022.
• AHJN. “Arts for Healing and Justice Network”.
• Baltimore Youth Arts. “Baltimore Youth Arts”.
• Being MK. “About Me”.
• Common Justice. “Common Justice”.
• CURYJ. “Communities United for Restorative Youth Justice”.
• Funders for Justice. “Funders for Justice”.
• Ginwright, Shawn. “The Future of Healing: Shifting From Trauma Informed Care to Healing Centered Engagement”. Medium, May 31, 2018.
• H.O.L.L.A. “How Our Lives Link Altogether”.
• Homeboy Industries. “Homeboy Industries”.
• Impact Justice. “Impact Justice”.
• La Plazita Institute. “La Plazita Institute”.
• Restorative Response Baltimore. “Restorative Response Baltimore”.
• Roca. “Roca”.
• The Center for NuLeadership on Human Justice and Healing. “From Criminal Justice to Human Justice”.
• Truesdell, Jeff. “How a Man Convicted of Murder at 14 Found Forgiveness, and Devoted Himself to Helping Young People”. People, December 29, 2021.
• Vera Institute of Justice. “Vera Institute of Justice”.

Public Health Approaches to Justice | 10 February, 2022

• To view Geeta Subramaniam-Mooney’s illustration of a “Vision of a Whole Systems Approach”, please click here.
• To view Geeta Subramaniam-Mooney’s illustration of a “Whole Systems Approach”, please click here.
• Dawe, Joseph Caron. “Global Lessons on Greening School Grounds and Outdoor Learning Launches”. Salzburg Global Seminar, November 26, 2021.
• Glasgow Psychological Services. “Glasgow Our Nurturing City”. October 4, 20202.
• Hart, Roger A. Children’s Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship. Florence: UNICEF International Child Development Centre, March 1992.
• Kitbag. “Kitbag”.
• UNICEF. “Guiding Principles”.

Data-Driven Criminal Justice Reform | 23 February, 2022

• To view Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg's presentation, please click here.
• To view Michal Gilad's presentation, please click here.
• California 100. "Everyday Indicators for Policy Innovation".
• Gilad, Michal. "Falling Between the Cracks: Understanding Why States Fail in Protecting Our Children From Crime". University of Pennsylvania Public Law & Legal Theory, Research Paper Series, Number 17-32 (August 8, 2017).
• Gilad, Michal, and Abraham Gutman. "The Tragedy of Wasted Funds and Broken Dreams: An Economic Analysis of Childhood Exposure to Crime and Violence". University of Illinois Law Review, Volume 2021, Number 1 (September 23, 2019).
• Gilad, Michal, Abraham Gutman, and Stephen Chawaga. "The Snowball Effect of Crime & Violence: Measuring the Tripe-C Impact". Fordham Urban Law Journal, Volume 46, Number 1 (October 19, 2018).
• Kleinfeld, Joshua, and Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg. "Social Trust In Criminal Justice: A Metric". (February 22, 2022).

Education and Youth Safety | 9 March, 2022

• To view Miguel Cambray's presentation, please click here.
• To view Teresita Escotto-Quesada's presentation, please click here.
• Karuita, Samuel. "5 Lessons from Peacebuilding through Youth Clubs". Salzburg Global Seminar, March 1, 2021.
• READI Chicago. "Homepage".
• READI Chicago. "News".
• READI Chicago. Working Together Toward Safer Communities: Reflections from READI Chicago. READI Chicago.

Empathy and Human Dignity | 22 March, 2022

• To view Rait Kuuse's presentation, please click here.
• Capturing Belief. "Homepage".
• Detroit Public TV. "Khary Mason | Detroit Performs Live from Marygrove Clip". November 10, 2021.